Real Estate Scams

"Pay 1 million shillings today and own a luxury apartment in Kilimani by next year!" We see these advertisements everywhere. While off-plan real estate offers an affordable path to homeownership in Kenya, it has also become a massive playground for scammers.

Thousands of Kenyans, both at home and in the diaspora, have lost their hard-earned money to developers who collect funds and disappear, or who build structurally unsound properties. Before you sign any real estate contract, follow this legal due diligence checklist.

1. Conduct a Proper Title Search

Never rely on a copy of a title deed provided by the developer. Always conduct an independent search at the Ministry of Lands (Ardhi House) or via the eCitizen portal. This search will reveal the true owner of the land and whether there are any encumbrances (such as a bank loan, a caveat, or a dispute) attached to the property.

2. Verify the Developer's Company Details

Who are you actually giving your money to? Run a company search on the Business Registration Service (BRS) portal. Check who the directors are. Have they been involved in previous failed projects? A legitimate company will not hide its directors' identities.

3. Demand the Approved Building Plans

A developer cannot legally build without approvals from the County Government (e.g., Nairobi City County) and the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Ask to see the stamped, approved architectural and structural plans.

4. Scrutinize the Sale Agreement

Do not sign the developer's standard contract blindly. Standard contracts heavily favor the developer. Ensure the agreement includes:

• A clear completion date.
• A specific grace period for delays (usually 6 months).
• A Refund Clause: What happens if the project stalls? The contract must state how and when you will get your money back.
• An Escrow Account: Ideally, your payments should go into an escrow account managed by lawyers, only released to the developer as construction milestones are met.

Don't Do It Alone

Real estate transactions involve complex legal jargon. Before you sign an off-plan agreement, ask Sheria AI to break down what specific clauses mean, or use it to generate a checklist of questions you should ask your lawyer before committing your funds.